α-Fucosidase (AFU) is a lysosomal exoglycosidase which releases a-fucose from the oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. AFU activity increases in diseases with damage to the tissues and a coexisting inflammatory state. The components of tobacco smoke are toxic and carcinogenic.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of cigarette smoking on AFU activity in the blood serum and urine of patients with colon adenocarcinoma.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The blood serum and urine samples were collected from 15 patients with colon adenocarcinoma (confirmed histopathologically) and 11 healthy people. The patients with colon adenocarcinoma, in the clinical–histopathological classification, had the G2 cell differentiation grade and the clinical staging of pT2 (n=7), pT3 (n=6) and pT4 (n=2). Patients with colon adenocarcinoma were divided into cigarette smokers (n=6) and non-smokers (n=9). AFU activity was determined in the blood serum and urine by Zwierz’s et. al. method as modified by Szajda et al. Serum AFU activity concentration was expressed in pKat/ml, and specific AFU activity in the urine in pKat/mg of protein and pKat/mg of creatinine. Protein was determined in the blood serum and urine by Lowry’s et. al. method. The urine concentration of creatinine was determined by Jaffé’s method (without deproteinization) in the analyser of Cobas Mira Plus of Roche.

A value of p<0.05 was considered to be the level of statistical significance.

RESULTS: The significant increase of AFU activity concentration in the blood serum (p = 0.001) and specific activity (pKat/mg of creatinine)(p= 0.003) in the urine was observed in patients with colon adenocarcinoma in comparison with AFU concentration of the blood serum and urine of healthy people. No significant differences were found in AFU activity in the blood serum and urine with regard to the clinical staging of pT2 to pT3 of colon adenocarcinoma. The significant increase in AFU activity concentration in the blood serum (p = 0.03) and specific activity in the urine (pKat/mg of creatinine), was demonstrated in patients with colon adenocarcinoma who smoked cigarettes when compared to non-smoking patients. The significantly higher protein concentration (p=0.03) and lower creatinine concentration (p=0.004) were found in the urine of patients with colon adenocarcinoma in comparison with healthy people. The urine concentration of protein was significantly lower (p=0.05), and that of creatinine significantly higher (p=0.05) in patients with colon adenocarcinoma who smoked cigarettes in comparison with non-smoking patients.

CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that colon adenocarcinoma increases AFU activity in the blood serum and urine of patients with colon adenocarcinoma. Cigarette smoking significantly enhances AFU activity in the blood serum and urine of patients with colon adenocarcinoma, which indicates on additional damage to the tissues caused by the components of nicotine smoke.

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