Rehorek, Astrid¹; Tunc, Özlem², Yildiz, Betül², Malov, Johannes¹

¹Institute of Chemical Process Engineering and Plant Design, University of Applied Sciences Cologne, Cologne, Germany
²Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

The azo dye C.I. Reactive Orange 107 (RO107) is one of the three most important components of "Marine Blue", a dye mixture used worldwide for dyeing of textiles [1]. Dye production and textile dyeing processes are the source for waste water that has to be decolourized by degradation of its pollutants. Even in our days this is still a problem not completely solved for many countries and companies.

The objective of the presented studies is to evaluate the improvement of microbiological azo dye RO107 degradation by ultrasound. As earlier studies have shown, ultrasound can be used as a single procedure to study kinetic and mechanistic aspects of the degradation or, as an additional process engineering step, to improve biodegradability of azo dyes [2]. In order to study both aspects, sonochemical experiments have been performed at different initial dye concentrations and reactor volumes. Ultrasound treatment was carried out at different frequencies and energy input of ultrasound to find optimal radical formation rates.

Dye degradation and formation of intermediates, ions and radicals have been monitored directly or indirectly by HPLC-DAD, LC-MS/MS and ion chromatography [3]. Results are presented that allow insight into the reaction mechanism. The sonolysis has also been carried out in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol.

The combination of ultrasound with anaerobic and aerobic microbiological treatments has been studied. The effect of sonochemical treatment prior to anaerobic microbiological treatment, between anaerobic and aerobic treatment and after aerobic treatment has been studied. The best combination and sequence of these treatments with respect to optimal efficiency of sustained decolourization and degradation will be discussed.

Keywords: Ultrasound, Sonochemistry, On-line LC-MS/MS, Marine Blue, C.I. RO 107

[1] A. Foeller (2005), Industrievereinigung Farbstoffe und organische Pigmente im Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V.

[2] M. Tauber, G. Gübitz, A. Rehorek (2004), Bioresource Technology Journal 11, 117-182

[3] A. Plum, A. Rehorek (2005), J. Chromatogr. A. 1084, 119-133

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