Deformation of metals at increasing strain leads to a microstructural evolution which follows a continuous refinement down to the nanometre dimension. The increasing structural refinement generally leads to an increase in strength and a decrease in ductility. However these trends are reversed when the deformed microstructure is coarsened for example during a heat treatment. Optimisation of mechanical properties therefore relies on characterization and modelling of process structure-property relationships.

The behaviour of metals deformed to large strains by processing such as cold rolling, accumulative roll-bonding and equal channel angular extrusion is illustrate through changes in their microstructure and mechanical properties with increasing strain. In a further step the deformed metals have been heat treated from low temperatures coarsening slight structural modification to temperatures where significant structural coarsening and possibly recrystallisation takes place. The structural changes are quantified based on TEM observations and related to changes in tensile properties.

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