The history of fluoride laser ceramics begins in 1964 [1], but it was the preparation of fluoride laser ceramics via the hot forming technique that provided a tremendous boost in this area of research and manufacturing.  This method is based on the plastic deformation of the single crystals at high temperatures [2-4].  Application of this technique allowed to obtain lasing in fluoride ceramics of CaF₂, SrF₂, (Ca,Sr)F₂, (Sr,Ba)F₂ doped with a number of RE³⁺ ions such as Yb³⁺, Nd³⁺, Pr³⁺, Tm³⁺, and Er³⁺ [2-9] (example of CaF₂:Yb ceramics is shown in Fig.1).  The investigated ceramic samples have demonstrated spectral and laser properties similar to that of single crystals.  At the same time, the use of an alternative classic technique of powder precursors hot pressing resulted in significant improvement of the mechanical properties of prepared laser ceramics, while maintaining nearly the same optical and lasing properties [8], as well as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, heat capacity, microstructure, etc. [4,9-11] as hot formed laser ceramics.

_{Fig.1.  CaF2:Yb laser ceramics}

References

1. S. E. Hatch, W. F. Parsons, and R. J. Weagley, Appl. Phys. Lett., 1964. 5(8), 153-154.

2. T.T. Basiev, M.E. Doroshenko, V.A. Konuyshkin, V.V. Osiko, L.I. Ivanov, and S.V. Simakov, Quantum Electron., 2007, 37(11), 989-990.

3. T.T. Basiev, M. E. Doroshenko, P P. Fedorov, et all., Optics Letters, 2008, 33(5), 521-523.

4. P.P. Fedorov, Fluoride laser ceramics. In: Handbook on solid-state lasers: materials, systems and applications. Woodhead Publishing. Cambridge UK. 2013.

5. T.T.Basiev, M.E. Doroshenko, V.A. Konyushkin, and V.V. Osiko, Optic. Letters., 2010, 35 (23), 4009-4011.

6. T.T. Basiev, V.A. Konyushkin, D.V. Konyushkin, M.E. Doroshenko, et all, Optical Materials Express, 2011, 1(8), 1511-1514.

7. P.A. Ryabochkina, A.A. Lyapin, V.V. Osiko, P.P. Fedorov, et all, Quantum Electron., 2012, 42(9), 853-857.

8. M. Akchurin, T. Basiev, A. Demidenko , M. Doroshenko, et al., Optical Materials, 2013, 35, p.444-450.

9. M.E. Doroshenko, A.A. Demidenko, P.P. Fedorov, et al., physica status solidi, in press.

10. M. Sh.Akchurin, R. V. Gainutdinov, E. A. Garibin, Yu. I. Golovin, et all, Inorg. Mater.: Applied Research, 2(2) (2011) 97-103.

11. P.A. Popov, P.P. Fedorov, S.V. Kuznetsov, et all,  Dokl. Phys., 53 (4) (2008) 198 – 200.

• Legal notice:
  

  Copyright (c) Pielaszek Research, all rights reserved.
  The above materials, including auxiliary resources, are subject to Publisher's copyright and the Author(s) intellectual rights. Without limiting Author(s) rights under respective Copyright Transfer Agreement, no part of the above documents may be reproduced without the express written permission of Pielaszek Research, the Publisher. Express permission from the Author(s) is required to use the above materials for academic purposes, such as lectures or scientific presentations.
  In every case, proper references including Author(s) name(s) and URL of this webpage: https://science24.com/paper/28967 must be provided.

1. Nucleation and growth of fluoride crystals by agglomeration of the nanoparticles
2. Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ): crystal growth and structure
3. Investigation on the Li, Ba // BO₂, F ternary reciprocal system and growth of bulk β–BaB₂O₄ crystals
4. Complex anionic isomorphism in new non-centrosymmetric  fluoride borates
5. Forming of metal structures in dielectric CaF₂ crystals
6. Synthesis and luminescent characteristics of NaYF₄:Yb:Er powders for photodynamic cancer therapy
7. Optical images of real structure for oxide crystals grown from the melt
8. Observation of induced birefringence in crystals with scheelite structure
9. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles preparation