Recently used molecular markers including organic dyes, fluorescent proteins or chelates containing lanthanide ions have several significant limitations. One of the alternatives for molecular markers are inorganic quantum dots (ie. CdSe, CdS) which are recently commonly used in many academic works. However, even if they are much better from physico-chemical point of view, from the application point of view at this moment they are rather useless mainly because of their high risk of toxicity. One of the solution combining advantages of both concepts is to make nontoxic inorganic nanocrystals doped by lanthanide ions.

In this work, we will present optical results obtained for NaYF₄, NaGdF₄ and GdF nanocrystals doped by different lanthanide ions (Eu, Tb, Nd, Tm, Yb). The aim of this work was to design and to synthesize these markers and to understand physical processes responsible for their emission/excitation and to optimize these processes to the physical limits. Additionally, potential use of such nanocrystals in nano-bio medicine will be discussed.

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1. Optical properties of GaInNAs/GaAs quantum wells: character of optical transitions and carrier localization effect