Electron spin systems were among the earliest proposed physical embodiments of quantum information processors. We have addressed a range of basic questions surrounding the practicalities of exploiting electron spins as qubits. We have shown that electron spin resonance can be used to perform quantum gates with a very high fidelity. We have studied the prospects for application of various candidate spin systems including N@C60 (a nitrogen atom encapsulated in a fullerene cage), molecular nanomagnets and phosphorus donors in silicon (P:Si). While in molecular nanomagnets the presence of magnetic nuclei in the vicinity of the electron qubit provides the dominant decoherence path, we have found that in N@C60 and P:Si nuclear moments can provide a valuable subsidiary resource in a quantum information processor.

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