Conjugated copolymers coordinate the action of a large number of optically active absorbing units with delocalized electronic structures that allow for electronic coupling between optoelectronic segments and efficient energy transfer. Important properties of conjugated polymers such as charge transport, conductivity, emission intensity, and excitation migration, are easily perturbed by external agents, leading to substantional changes in measurable signals. Careful incorporation of functional groups into conjugated polymer yield new materials that possess beneficial properties for even biosensor application.

Among π-conjugated polymers, those containing benzene-fused heteroaromatic rings with nitrogen atom(s) are class of materials that has shown interesting electrical and optical properties. Some compounds containing both, electron donor and acceptor moieties exhibit the intermolecular charge transfer absorbance and fluorescence behavior. In such a donor – acceptor molecules (D-A), very large changes in charge distribution can be induced in the excited state upon absorption of light photons. Therefore, recently these organic D-A compounds have been increasing interest and usually been used as the fluorescent probe to study microenvironments.

Various π-conjugated copolymers of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole with thiophene, pyrrole, fluorene units have been developed. The introduction of benzothiadiazole into conjugated polyfluorene backbone improved the electron – transporting ability and the electroluminescence efficiency of polymer. Although thianthrenes in general have attracted strong interest due to the fascinating physical and chemical properties of numerous sophisticated derivatives. The electron – rich, heterocyclic thianthrene seems to be a good example for charge transporting materials, since it shows a reversible oxidation behavior at low potential in cyclic voltammetry

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