Time resolved in-situ diffraction is a particularly powerful technique in materials research, capable of observing the time evolution of phases as they change in quantity and composition, and correlating these changes with process parameters such as temperature, pressure and time. As diffraction techniques and facilities impose unique constraints on sample geometry and processing equipment, specially designed chambers are generally required to simulate processing conditions.

To mitigate the expense of customised environment chambers, researchers at the University of Melbourne and the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation have designed and are currently constructing a modular reaction chamber, capable of separating the necessities of the diffraction technique from those of environment simulation. The In-Situ Reaction Chamber (Figure 1) abstracts many of the details intrinsic to the diffractometer such as beam definition, attenuation and collimation, allowing users to design inexpensive environment chambers that need only be compatible with a standard conflat flange at a set distance from the beam. The functionality of these insert chambers can then be customised to the needs of the individual user and calibration can be performed well in advance of beam time, reducing setup time to a minimum. By way of example, Figure 2 illustrates a more generic reaction chamber insert for high temperature investigations.

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1. In-situ Diffraction of Time-Resolved Processes: Application of Quantitative Phase Analysis to Large Data Sets