The atomic and molecular structures of crystalline substances can be mostly solved by means of electron and x-ray diffraction. In contrast to the diffraction, holographic imaging does not require translation periodicity and can be, in principle, applied also to non-crystalline samples (e.g. quasicrystals, doped systems, amorphous materials). Moreover reconstruction algorithms can also be applied to the scattering signal, allowing information on electron-density to be recovered using a single two-dimensional x-ray pattern. The fact that all the data needed can be collected in one shot has important practical consequences; reduced exposure time can resolve the problem of radiation damage of specimens and opens new possibilities for studies of fast processes in three dimensions.

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