The experimental study of the resistance properties of many materials in the conditions of the simultaneous action of three thermodynamic factors (temperature, magnetic field, high pressure) [1,2] showed the importance of and the need for examining mechanical stresses in solid bodies.  It was discovered that the observed linearity and the reversibility of the resistance properties of the materials correlate with the volume change over a wide range of temperatures, pressures and magnetic field. This leads us  to assume that the properties being investigated are determined by the evolution of internal elastic stresses under the conditions of the external actions.

Internal “atomic” stresses appear as forces of elastic repulsion, arising due to deformation of electronic shells of atoms upon the association of separate atoms in a solid under the action of attractive chemical bonds. Including volume elastic forces in the balance of forces, which determine thee of the crystal lattice and the volume of the body, allows relating electrical, chemical and mechanical properties of a solid. According to estimation made  on the basis of calculations for deformations of electron shells of free atoms on packing in a solid, and also on the basis of data for the volume change of solids at melting and results of [2], the internal stresses are large (about 100 GPa) and have periodic character consistent with the periodic table of  the elements.

Internal stresses are new collective property of material, and can be examined, as a main parameter of solid. The distribution of atomic stresses in the solid is sensitive to their defect structure. The special structure of nanomaterials determines the specific field of internal stresses, and, correspondingly, the physical properties.

1.      А.D.Bruce, R.A.Cowe. Structural Phase transformation. Taylor & Fransis, London (1981).

2.      P.I.Polyakov, S.S.Kucherenko. JMM, 278, (2004), p. 138-155.

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1. Role of elastic stresses in the magnetic properties of solids
2. Influence of temperature, pressure, magnetic field on the solid's structure by means of internal stresses
3. Surface state and structure zirconia nanoparticles under high pressure