Tooth-shaded dental restorations are becoming more and more popular. In this context, new chemical components, such as monomers or fillers, enable the improvement of important properties. Starting with a description of the general composition of currently used filling composites and dental adhesives examples of new components with a great potential for application in these materials will be presented.
Today, restorative composites are light-curing hybrid materials consisting of a resin matrix, which is a mixture of various cross-linking dimethacrylates and inorganic fillers, such as milled glasses or highly dispersed silica. Cyclic monomers as new components are of interest for dental fillings. One example of such cyclic monomers are new vinylcyclopropyl acrylates, which show a low volume shrinkage. Furthermore, polycondensates of functionalised silanes, which enable the improvement of the biocompatibility of composites will be presented. Nano-sized fillers improving the abrasion resistance and radiopacity of restorative composites will also be mentioned.
Enamel-dentin adhesives are used to achieve a strong bond between a filling composite and dental hard tissues. The used self-etching enamel-dentin adhesives contain different monomer components. Particularly adhesive monomers, such as polymerizable phosphoric acids modify the enamel and dentin surface and mediate the formation of a strong bond to the composite. Cross-linking monomers are used in order to improve the polymerization reactivity of the adhesive. In self-etching adhesives water is preferred as solvent. Thus, especially in the case of one-bottle adhesives, the methacrylates undergo hydrolysis, which changes the chemical composition of the adhesive and also impairs its performance. In this respect new phosphonic acid acrylates and bis(acrylamide)s, which feature an enhanced hydrolytic stability, can be used to substitute commonly used methacrylates in self-etching enamel-dentin adhesives.

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