Back ground

Physical exercise of high intensity or prolonged, included eccentric muscle action can induce human muscle damage. The degree of muscle injury after exercise is more pronounced in red fibers than in white one. Skeletal muscle damage can be estimated by determining in blood of muscle markers enzymes activity. There is some evidence to suggest a relationship between lipid peroxidation and loss of muscle cell membrane integrity following eccentric exercise.

The aim of this study was to answer the question if oxygen active species contributed to injury of muscle cell membrane integrity observed immediately after exercise and during late phase, two days post exercise

Materials and methods

The physical education students aged 19 – 24 years performed three exercise tests: i, VO₂ max cycloergometric test, ii, step/down exercise 80% VO2 max intensity, iii, cycloergometric exercise 80% VO₂ max intensity. During tests oxygen consumption ,CO₂ production, parameters characterized cardio-pulmonary reaction were measured using computerized EOS-Sprint Yaeger system. Blood samples were drawn before two exercises of intensity 80 %VO₂ max and 10 min, 2h, 24h, 48h,72h and 96h after exercises for analysis of CK and CK-MB activity and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxyalkenes (4-HNE) and lactate (LA).

Results and discussion

We compared the effect of two kinds of muscle exercise on an extent of injury in muscle. Simultaneous measurement of concentration of lipid peroxidation products and the activity of muscle intracellular enzymes in plasma during recovery after exercise enabled us to evaluate the participation of free radicals species in damage of muscle cells membrane integrity. Our results shown the same blood concentration of LA after two kinds of exercise. It suggests that applicated exercise was not only the same intensity , but also the same metabolism.

Obtained results shown only small increase in plasma markers enzymes activity two hours after both, cycloergometric and step/up exercise. Activity of CK and CK-MB increased about 50 % and 77%, respectively. It is interesting that parallel changes occurred between enzymes activity and concentration of lipid peroxidation products What more , values of measured parameters did not came back to baseline levels after 24- hours. The CK and CK-MB activities and parallel MDA and 4-HNE concentration started to further increase in second day of recovery following the eccentric exercise .In the 72 hours after eccentric exercise the CK activity increased five times compared to the rest period and CK-MB activity was 7,9 % of total CK activity .In the same time of recovery the plasma MDA and 4-HNE concentrations increased about 160 % and 203 %, respectively.

Conclusion: Our results revealed two phases of changes of free radicals concentration in muscle as a consequence of eccentric exercise intensity and repairing processes after damaged exercise.

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