The acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of the myeloid progenitor cells, characterized by accumulation of immature blasts in bone marrow and peripheral blood. AML can be classified into two systems: the French-American-British (FAB) criteria and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. FAB organization classify AML into eight subtypes (from M0 to M7) based on cytomorphology and cytochemistry. Although new, WHO system is based on the combination of morphology, immunophenotyping and cytogenetic analysis of leukemia cells, AML classification remains very difficult and imperfect. We used a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis to identify expressed proteins in normal and leukemic bone marrow mononuclear cells and peripheral blood cells. We also employed this approach to profile and search of protein expressed distinctly for each subtypes of AML and for comparison of blood and bone marrow cells proteomic maps. The differentially expressed protein spots were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). Qualitative and quantitative differences of proteins were revealed using software Image Master Platinum 6.0. Approximately 180 different proteins were identified, about 20 of them were differentially expressed in distinct subtypes of AML. Among them high-level expression of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was found in the M2 subtype of AML in comparison to other subtypes and normal cells. Changes in expression of protein 14-3-3, vimentin and glutathione S-transferase P were also detected. Some of identified proteins were known to be involved in cancer transformation, another set of proteins were not described earlier to be engaged in differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. These results suggest that these proteins may are probable candidates for biomarkers of AML distinguishing leukemic cells from normal blood or bone marrow cells and also between particular subtypes of AML. These data also show that 2-DE profiling could be used as an analytical tool for detection and classification of AML subtypes.

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