In this work we continue with the study of the hypotheses related to the process of biological mineralization, i.e. surface induced nuclei and hydroxyl (OH) groups, surface morphology, use of supersaturated solution and organic components, and etc. We study particularly the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) in aqueous systems, which is often met in the nature in bones, teeth, shells, kidney stones, and etc.
This study has been taken to investigate the behavior of surface modified stainless steel, silicon and silica glass materials, used as in-vitro model systems, upon inducing HA formation in a simulated body fluid (SBF). Patterning by ion implantation through molybdenum mask with a definite design is the method chosen for a selective surface modification of the three classes of materials. Na+ ion implantation and subsequent thermal treatment at 873 K in air is employed for inducing OH- groups in the fluid through ion-exchanging processes in SBF.
Investigation of the surface chemistry, morphology and elemental composition of the grown layers is done by using Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), coupled with Energy Dispersive X-rays (EDX). FTIR and Raman Spectroscopies show the formation of hydroxyapatite layers on the surfaces of stainless steel, silicon and silica glass. Morphology of the layers, observed by SEM, shows that they consist of sphere-like particles homogeneously distributed on the whole surface of the samples.

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