The objective of the current research was the examination of microstructural features in lead-free solders and solder joints with incorporated particles. To improve the mechanical properties of solder joints the solders microstructures were modified by the addition of particles. Fine, evenly distributed particles can restrict grain growth, dislocation motion and crack propagation so as to strengthen the solder against creep and fatigue. The composite solders were produced by mechanical mixing and in-situ methods. Sn-3.5Ag and Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu solders were matrix alloys and Cu, Ni particles as well as Cu-coated glass spheres for reinforcement. The amounts of reinforcements were in the range of 1-15 vol. %. A comparison is made between the composites microstructures when various types, sizes and volume fractions of particles and different matrix alloys were used. The assessment criteria were the chemical reactions between the particles and the matrix, tendency for agglomeration and uniformity of the particles distribution. Simulation of the aging process was carried out to investigate the changes in the interfacial intermetallic layers with aging time.

The microstructures were investigated using SEM with an integrated EDX system and EPMA. Topographic images of the areas at the solder - substrate interface were derived from the AFM examinations. Tensile tests were conducted both for the bulk non-composite and the composite solder joints. The fractography of the tensile tested specimens is presented.

• Legal notice:
  

  Copyright (c) Pielaszek Research, all rights reserved.
  The above materials, including auxiliary resources, are subject to Publisher's copyright and the Author(s) intellectual rights. Without limiting Author(s) rights under respective Copyright Transfer Agreement, no part of the above documents may be reproduced without the express written permission of Pielaszek Research, the Publisher. Express permission from the Author(s) is required to use the above materials for academic purposes, such as lectures or scientific presentations.
  In every case, proper references including Author(s) name(s) and URL of this webpage: https://science24.com/paper/4143 must be provided.

1. Financing of industry relevant projects in Poland
2. Experimental evaluation of melting point depression in AlSi/AlN nanomultilayer system
3. Electrospun nanocomposites from PHBV for bone tissue engineering
4. Nanotechnologie w gospodarce województwa podlaskiego
5. Modeling of growth kinetics of SiC single crystal in PVT process
6. Application of micro- and nanostructured biomaterials in regenerative medicine
7. Core-shell P(LLA-CL) based electrospun nanofibers for peripheral nerve tissue engineering
8. Surface modification of PCL scaffold changes protein adsorption
9. TiO₂ nanotubes based composite layers for biomedical applications
10. Modification of epoxy resin properties by adding multi wall carbon nanotubes
11. Możliwości badawcze Laboratorium Skaningowej Mikroskopii Elektronowej na WIM PW
12. Otwarcie konferencji
13. Perspektywy rozwoju nanomateriałów konstrukcyjnych i funkcjonalnych
14. Zastosowania mikroskopii AFM dla farmacji i medycyny
15. Wykorzystanie nanotechnologii w procesie odlewania precyzyjnego
16. Oczyszczanie i modyfikacja nanomateriałów węglowych
17. Modyfikacje polimerów stosowanych w lotnictwie za pomocą nanorurek węglowych
18. Luminescent polyurethane nanocomposites: processing, structure and properties
19. Micro Sensor for cell force measurement
20. Preliminary studies on degradation of polylactides fibers
21. Effect of grain size on reactive diffusion between Ti-Al
22. TEM investigations of the nanostructure, multilayer CrN/Cr coatings obtained by vacuum-arc method
23. How to join heat sensitive materials?
24. Bulk  nanostructured  titanium  fabricated  by  hydrostatic  extrusion
25. Composites PLLA/MWNTs produced by twin-screw microcompounder
26. Polyurethane-based material with calcite and aragonite for tissue engineering composite scaffolds
27.  A  degradable and highly porous polyurethane scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
28. Reduced activation ODS ferritic steel – recent development in high speed hot extrusion processing
29. Investigation of the DLC and novel DLC-polymer hybrid coatings using FIB and SEM techniques
30. A combination of microCT and FEM methods for development of a new scaffold for bone regeneration
31. Properties of transparent elastomer nanocomposites (polyurethane/ ZrO₂:Eu³⁺) as materials for optoelectronic application
32. Investigation of fatique crack growth rate of Al 5484 ultrafine grained alloy after ECAP process
33. Fire retardant polyurethane elastomers/aluminophosphorate nanocomposites for higher temperature application
34. The influence of grain refinement on the corrosion mechanism of 7475 aluminium alloy
35. Modelling the influence of the grain size distribution on the properties of nanometals
36. Hybrid functional applied to the study of properties of narrow and wide band gap semiconductors
37. Recrystallization and Grain Growth in Nano-structured Austenitic Stainless Steel under Electric Current Heating
38. Effect of deformation and strain rate on diminishing of microstructure of aluminium alloys (AlCu4Zr0.5 and AlZn6Mg3CuZr)
39. Grain refinement in CuCrZr by SPD processing
40. Tailoring mechanical properties of nano-structured Eurofer 97 steel for fusion applications
41. Microscopic and surface analytical characterization of TiO₂ nanotubes produced by anodic oxidation and thermal treatment 
42. Investigation of cells interactions with textile scaffolds for bone tissue enginnering
43. Culture of osteoblasts on nanostructured titanium – preliminary observation
44. Electrospun polymeric fibers for cartilage regeneration
45. Biodegradable and bioabsorbable polymeric - ceramic composites for medical applications
46. Modelling of plastic deformation of nano-polycrystalline materials
47. Preliminary examinations of mechanical properties of DLC and novel DLC-polymer hybrid coatings for resurfacing hip prostheses
48. Optimization of the polymeric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering fabricated by rapid prototyping method
49. Bone tissue engineered product based on human bone derived cells and polyurethane scaffold
50. Molecular statics simulation of nanoindentation on nanocrystalline copper
51. Microstructural and mechanical characterization of zirconia based composite
52. Modeling of order-disorder phase transition in intermetallic compounds
53. Optimization of polyurethane structure as the potential materials for bone tissue engineering applications
54. Fabricationg polyurethane/calcium carbonate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering
55. Polyurethane nano-composites with luminescence properties for optics and optoelectronics applications.
56. Tailoring mechanical properties by grain refinement and particle redistribution
57. Stochastic Approach To The Changes In The Mechanical Properties Of Nano-Crystalline Materials Induced By Grain Growth
58. Surface effect on atomic ordering in nano-layered L1₀ AB binaries: multiscale Monte Carlo Simulation
59. Characterization of nanopowders
60. Microstructure and mechanical properties of HE-treated titanium depending on its initial state
61. Influence of hydrostatic extrusion parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6082 aluminium alloy
62. The effect of grain size distribution on mechanical properties of nanometals
63. Morphological and surface analytical characterization of chemically pretreated Ti surfaces intended for biomedical applications
64. Electron microscopy studies of magnesium hydride
65. Microstructure and mechanical properties of 7475 aluminium alloy processed by SPD methods
66. Investigation of aqueous surface processes and corrosion mechanisms of Al-(Cu)-Fe-Cr quasicrystaline approximant
67. Characterization of the effects of hydrostatic extrusion on structure and surface properties of 303 austenitic stainless steel
68. The Effect of Hydrostatic Extrusion on the Corrosion Stability of Austenitic Stainless Steels
69. The Effect of Hydrostatic Extrusion on Resistance of 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel to Pit Nucleation
70. Nanomaterials in dental applications
71. Nanostructure formation in austenitic stainless steel
72. Evaluation of crystal structure and polytypism of SiC in microwave sintered diamond-SiC composite by TEM and HR-TEM
73. Hydrogen induced changes in 316L stainless steel microstructure
74. Statistical model of grain growth in polycrystalline nanomaterials
75. Repair and regeneration of osteochondral defects in the articular joints
76. Corrosion resistance of nanostructured titanium
77. Effect of surface treatment on the microstructure of TA6V
78. Predicting site occupation of Fe in B2 NiAl from ab initio computations
79. Structure and properties of polyurethane/YAG:Tb³⁺ nano-composites with luminescence properties
80. Structure and thermal properties of epoxy resins nano-composites with flame retardants
81. The influence of ZrO₂ containing 10% Eu ³⁺ on the polyurethane hard domain structure of nano-composites with luminescence properties
82. An influence of boehmite modification on the dispersion in the polyurethane matrix
83. Materials hardness estimation by simulation of the indentation process
84. Stability of second phase particles during processing by hydrostatic extrusion
85. The influence of nano - filler on microstructure homogeneity and selected properties of dental ceramic - polymer composites
86. Grain Boundary Migration in Nanocrystalline Iron
87. Thermal properties of L1₀-TiAl from first principle calculations
88. Structural stability of zirconia ceramic in water and acid solutions
89. The influence of the structure of metastable τ - phase on magnetic hysteretic properties of Мn_55.5Аl₄₄С_0.5 alloy
90. Morphology and chemical characterization of Ti surfaces modified for biomedical applications
91. Evaluation of degradation degree of dental hybrid composite used as permanent fillings
92. The Wetting Behaviour and Interface Structure of Unreinforced and Particle Reinforced Lead-Free Solders
93. Optimization of particle reinforced lead-free solders
94. Evaluation of fibre-cement interfacial properties by SEM-based push-out tests
95. Thermal stability of hybrid polyurethane and modified boehmite
96. Applications of quantitative image analysis to the description of the morphology of hybrid polyurea-nitryle-urethanes
97. Fractography as a tool to optimize joint design and the brazing process
98. Improvement of wetting and bonding of SiO₂ ceramics and urea-urethane elastomer
99. A hybrid atomistic-continuum finite element modelling of locally disordered crystalline structure
100. Development of nanoparticle reinforced brazing filler metals and solders: the aspects of downscaling from micro to nanoscale
101. Description of the mechanical performance of Cu-SnAgCu-Cu joints
102. Size and constraining effects in lead-free solder joints
103. The role of the weak points in the corrosion resistance of hydrostatically extruded steel porducts
104. Comparison of three different active filler metals used for brazing ceramic-to-ceramic and ceramic-to-metal joints
105. The size effect in strength and fracture toughness of deformation origin submicro- and nanomaterials.
106. The influence of hydrostatic extrusion on mechanical properties and tribological characteristics of an austenitic stainless steel
107. Fabrication and micro-structure characterization of Al2O3/Ni-P composites with interpenetrating phases
108. Hydrostatic extrusion of intermetallic Ti-Al layers
109. On the Relief of the Residual Stresses in Ceramic-Metal Joints by a Layered Braze Structure
110. PULSE PLASMA SINTERING OF A NANOCRYSTALLINE Cu POWDER
111. NANOCRYSTALLINE Cu-Al₂O₃ COMPOSITES SINTERED BY THE PULSE PLASMA TECHNIQUE
112. Mechanical properties of aluminium processed by equal channel angular pressing
113. Model for intermetallic phase and intermetallic compound solidification during diffusion soldering
114. Texture Development in Model Al-Li Alloy Subjected to Severe Plastic Deformation
115. Transition from solidification to the first solid/solid transformation during diffusion soldering
116. The Influence of hydrostatic extrusion on microstructure of 6082 aluminum alloy
117. Combination of ECAP and Hydrostatic Extrusion for ultra-fine grain (UFG) microstructure generation in 99.98% nickel.
118. Microstructure refinement under high plastic strain rates in hydrostatic extrusion process
119. Influence of severe plastic deformation on PLC effect in Al 5XXX alloy
120. Mechanical properties and deformation behaviour of ultra-fine grained nickel.
121. Formation of ultrafine gradient structure in hard magnetic alloy Fe-30%Cr-8%Co
122. Sintering temperature effect on structure and properties of Al2O3/Ni-P composites with interpenetrating phases
123. PLASTIC PROPERTIES OF GaN AND Al₂O₃ CRYSTAL: FEM-SIMULATION OF NANOINDENTATION CONFIRMED BY HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY
124. SEM investigations of tooth/ filling bonding
125. Measuring the Grain Size Distribution of Pr-doped Zirconia Nanopowders obtained by Microwave Driven Hydrothermal Synthesis
126. Nanometals for medical applications
127. Effect of sever plastic deformation method on microstrucure and mechanical properties of Al and Cu
128. The influence of twin bands density on microstructure of 316LVM austenitic stainless steel subjected to transverse rolling
129. Microstructure evaluation in an Al-Li alloy processed by severe plastic deformation
130. Polymer matrix composites with nanoparticles of TiC obtained by a sol-gel method
131. Annealing temperature effect on residual stresses in 316L steel subjected to HPT process
132. FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF THE RESIDUAL STRESSES IN THE CERAMIC-ELASTOMER COMPOSITES
133. EFFECT OF INITIAL MICROSTRUCTURE ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE Al-Cu-Mg-Mn ALLOY PROCESSED BY HYDROSTATIC EXTRUSION
134. THE INFLUENCE OF HIGH-ANGLE BOUNDARIES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NANO-CRYSTALLINE IRON OBTAINED BY SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION
135. Modelling the interaction of crack tip with nanostructure, which creating by deformation.
136. SHRINKAGE OF DENTAL POLYMERIC COMPOSITES
137. IN VIVO WEAR OF POLYETHYELNE GLENOID COMPONENTS IN TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY
138. Atomic-scale Ab-initio computations of the B2-RuAl
139. Ab-initio calculations of elastic properties Ni3Al and TiAl under pressure
140. Modelling of the Influence of the Grain Size Distribution on the Grain Growth in Nanocrystals
141. Ductility of Nanocrystalline Materials Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation
142. Structural-strength aspects of glass/metallic composite based on Co-Cr-Mo implantation alloy
143. Microstructure and mechanical properties of binary Al-Li alloys processed by ECAP
144. Microstructure of the ceramic - polymer composites for dental applications
145. Effect of Non-conventional Large Deformations on Microstructure and Properties of Metals
146. Excellent Mechanical Properties of Nickel Processed by High Pressure Techniques
147. Morphology and properties of oxide films formed on the nanocrystalline 316L austenite steel
148. Al2O3-Fe functionally graded materials fabricated under magnetic field
149. Professor CZOCHRALSKI - Distinguished Scientist and Inventor, Founder of the Modern Materials Science
150. The influence of temperature and pressure on possibility of obtaining Al₂O₃/Ni-P nanocomposite through hot pressing process.
151. Mechanical properties nanostructured iron obtained by different methods of Severe Plastic Deformation
152. Strain localization in nanocrystalline iron after Severe Plastic Deformation
153. Non-elastic behaviours of high-porosity ceramics and ceramic-polymer composites
154. The Superplasticity of Hard Magnetic Alloy Fe-23wt.%Co-30%Cr with Submicrocrystalline Structure
155. Microstructure of Ni-P thin layers obtained by a chemical method
156. Hydrostatic extrusion and nanostructure formation in an aluminium alloy
157. Quantitative Description of Microstructure of Nano-materials
158. The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Low Alloy Steel Subjected to Severe Plastic Deformation
159. Studies of Ni-P Thin Films by Electroles Deposition Method
160. Stereology of Nanomaterials
161. Targeted Research Project: Metallic, Ceramic and Organic Nanomaterials: Processing - Structure - Properties - Applications
162. Materials Research in Poland