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Critical exponents of dilute ferromagnetic semiconductors (Ga,Mn)N and (Ga,Mn)As

Sylwia I. Stefanowicz 1Gerd Kunert 2Wiktor Stefanowicz 3Janusz Sadowski 3,4,5,6Detlef Hommel 7Tomasz Dietl 3,8Maciej Sawicki 3

1. Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-668, Poland
2. University of Bremen, Institute of Solid State Physics, Semiconductor Epitaxy, P.O. Box 330440, Bremen 28334, Germany
3. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, al. Lotników 32/46, Warszawa 02-668, Poland
4. University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark
5. Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg S-412 96, Sweden
6. Lund University, MAX-lab, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden
7. University of Bremen, Institute of Solid State Physics, P.O. Box 330440, Bremen 28334, Germany
8. Japan Science and Technology Agency, Semiconductor Spintronics Project (ERATO), al. Lotników 32/46, Warszawa 02-668, Poland

Abstract

There are two compounds which arguably demonstrate the highest potential for studying novel spintronics-related phenomena: (Ga,Mn)As, the 'canonical' dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor (DFS)  and (Ga,Mn)N, the emerging member of this family [1,2]. Whereas (Ga,Mn)As has become the model material to test semiconductor spintronics concepts, the importance of (Ga,Mn)N stems from a different origin of magnetism and the already dominating role of GaN in photonics and high power electronics. Due to the strong p-d hybridization the Mn2+/3+ acceptor level occupies the mid band gap position in GaN, and, interchangeable, either a high p-type doping or high Mn content x is possible. Nevertheless, in uncompensated films, where Mn3+ ions prevail, the superexchange interaction becomes ferromagnetic for all Mn-Mn distances resulting in a ferromagnetic order [1] characterized by the Curie temperature TC = 13 K for x = 0.10 [3].

In this context it becomes of a paramount importance to provide the most comprehensive characterization of the magnetic ground state of this insulating DFS. To this end we investigate the static critical behavior of MBE grown (Ga,Mn)N layers [3] with 0.04 < x < 0.10 and compensation free, high-TC (Ga,Mn)As layer, utilizing direct DC field dependent magnetization and temperature dependence of AC susceptibility. From the analysis we establish for each sample its TC and critical exponents a, b, and g. In both systems we find g @ 2.6 to exceed about twice its typical value for most common (Stoner) ferromagnets, a value indicative of the profound role of disorder [positional of Mn in (Ga,Mn)N and electrical in (Ga,Mn)As] in the setting of the ferromagnetic state in these two system. We further find that, the Widom relation, d = 1 + g/d, holds precisely only in (Ga,Mn)As. Such calculated d in (Ga,Mn)N considerably overshoots its experimental value. This interesting discrepancy needs further clarification.

The work has been in part supported by FunDMS Advanced Grant of ERC within the Ideas 7th FP of EC and by (Polish) National Science Centre through project MAESTRO "Quantum phase transitions in magnetic layers driven by an electric field" (Decision 2011/02/A/ST3/00125).

[1] M. Sawicki, T. Devillers, S. Gałęski, C. Simserides, S. Dobkowska, B. Faina, A. Grois, A. Navarro-Quezada, K. N. Trohidou, J. A. Majewski, T. Dietl, and A. Bonanni, Phys. Rev. B 85, 205204 (2012).

[2] G. Kunert, S. Dobkowska, Tian Li, H. Reuther, C. Kruse, S. Figge, R. Jakieła, A. Bonanni, J. Grenzer, W. Stefanowicz, J. von Borany, M. Sawicki, T. Dietl, and D. Hommel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 022413 (2012).

[3] S. Stefanowicz, G. Kunert, Tian Li, H. Reuther, C. Kruse, S. Figge, W. Stefanowicz, A. Bonanni, M. Sawicki, T. Dietl, and D. Hommel, in preparation, arXiv 2013.

 

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Related papers

Presentation: Oral at 17th International Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy - ICCGE-17, Topical Session 2, by Sylwia I. Stefanowicz
See On-line Journal of 17th International Conference on Crystal Growth and Epitaxy - ICCGE-17

Submitted: 2013-05-06 22:01
Revised:   2013-07-17 22:59