Natural and social systems are often characterized by highly complicated structure and behaviour that cannot be deduced solely from their microscopic description. This means that their properties are emergent and their description must be holistic. The systems which can be qualified into this category are commonly referred to as complex systems. Complexity of such systems can by no means be explained by any single property or event; it rather requires a synergy of processes and long sequence of events that make the systems complex. Such explanation of complexity is obviously vague and offers no discriminating criterion which would allow one to classify any given system into one of the two categories: complex or simple. Since the middle of the 20th century, there have been many attempts to define a quantity which could serve as a measure of complexity, but no such a quantity fully succeeded. Therefore, it seems indispensable to attempt to characterize complex systems by analyzing manifestations of their complexity based on empirical data, in order to find properties of such systems and, possibly, to derive some laws that could be universal or at least common to a large group of complex systems. In this talk, a short introduction to the phenomenon of complexity will be given, together with some examples of identifying complexity of selected systems.

Literatura:

J. Kwapień, S. Drożdż, Phys. Rep. (in print), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2012.01.007

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