Enhancing heterogeneous electron transfer between enzymes and electrodes

Bioelectrocatalytic systems improve not only our knowledge about biocatalysts but also enable us to develop biomolecular moduls for bioanalytics, energy conversion and signal transfer. For effective bioelectrocatalysis it is essential to achieve a fast communication between the redox protein and the electrode, while the biocatalytic activity is preserved. Here we benefit from achievements in enzyme technology and surface science as well as from the progress made in the fabrication of support materials that serve as the interface between the biomolecules and the electrical circuit including the readout device. We will discuss recent approaches in this area. Examples are modified electrodes for measurement of aldehydes and sulfite using novel molybdoenzymes, which rely on mediated and direct electronic communication, nanoparticle facilitated electron transfer, and 3-D spectroelectrochemical devices with transparent conductive mesoporous electrodes.

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