The purpose of this talk is to present new  homogenization schemes for the prediction of the mechanical behavior of elastic-viscoplastic heterogeneous materials.  In a first part, Mori-Tanaka and self-consistent approaches are developed based on  an interaction law postulated by Molinari et al (Mech. Mater., 26, 43, 1997). Illustrations are given for  two phase composite materials.  In a second part of the present talk, we would like to emphasize how a simple homogenization technique can be useful for the prediction of the mechanical behavior of nanomaterials. Based on previous rigid viscoplastic models proposed by Kim et al. (Acta Mater, 48:493, 2000) and  Kim and  Estrin (Acta Mater, 53:765, 2005), the nanocrystalline material is described as a two phase composite material.    Using the Taylor-Lin homogenisation scheme in order to account for elasticity,  the yield stress of nanocrystalline materials  can be evaluated.  The transition from a Hall-Petch relation  to an inverse Hall-Petch relation  is defined and  is related to a   change in plastic deformation mode in the crystallite phase  from a dislocation glide driven mechanism to a diffusion-controlled process.

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