SO₃H-bearing carbon material prepared from cellulose has been examined as a strong solid acid catalyst for the hydrolysis of corn starch into glucose. Sulfonation of incompletely carbonized cellulose results in amorphous carbon consisting of polycyclic aromatic carbon combined functional groups such as a sulfonic acid groups. The hydrolysis of starch into α-1,4 glucan and glucose in the presence of the carbon material was analyzed by factorial analysis (Taguchi Method) to identify the important factor for the process. A three-level-five-factor design was employed using L₂₇ orthogonal array, and dependent value was glucose yield.

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the contributions of reaction temperature (80-120 ºC) and time (1-5 h) to the reaction were estimated to be 70.8% and 3.7%, respectively, and that reaction temperature largely correlates reaction time (contribution: 18.5 %). This means that the reaction at high temperatures proceeds efficiently for short reaction time, suggesting that by-products forms with increasing reaction time at high temperatures. The reaction under optimal conditions proceeded at 120 ºC for 3 h (water, 0.8 ml; speed, 500 rpm; starch, 75 mg; catalyst, 0.3 g). The results of validation test demonstrated that liner model for the estimation of the process was useful and 100% of glucose yield would be achieved under the optimum conditions.

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